History and Significance

• Dedicated to Taleju Bhawani: The temple is dedicated to the goddess Taleju Bhawani, a revered deity in Nepalese Hinduism. Taleju is considered the family deity of the Malla kings who ruled the Kathmandu Valley.
• Built by King Mahendra Malla: The temple was constructed in 1564 during the reign of King Mahendra Malla. It stands as a testament to the architectural prowess and religious devotion of the Malla dynasty.
• Restricted Access: Traditionally, the temple is open to Hindus only, and non-Hindus are generally not permitted to enter. Even for Hindus, access to the main sanctum is limited, especially during most times of the year.

Architectural Features

• Pagoda Style: The temple is a stunning example of the pagoda architectural style, which is prominent in Nepal. It features multiple tiers of intricately carved wooden struts and doors.
• Elevation: The temple is built on a high plinth, which adds to its imposing presence in the square. Visitors must ascend a series of steep steps to reach the main shrine.
• Gilded Elements: The temple features numerous gilded elements, including doors, windows, and roof finials, which enhance its grandeur.
• Guardian Statues: At the entrance, there are large statues of guardian deities and mythical creatures that protect the temple.

Cultural Importance

• Dashain Festival: During the Dashain festival, the Taleju Temple becomes the focal point of celebrations. This is one of the few times when the temple is open to the public, allowing devotees to offer prayers and seek blessings.
• Symbol of Power: The temple symbolizes the divine legitimacy and power of the Malla kings. It is a cultural landmark that reflects the historical and religious significance of the Kathmandu Valley.

Location and Surroundings

• Basantapur Durbar Square: The Taleju Temple is situated in Basantapur Durbar Square, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The square is surrounded by other important historical buildings and palaces, making it a key tourist attraction.
• Earthquake Resilience: The temple has withstood several earthquakes, including the devastating earthquake of 2015, although it has required restoration and preservation efforts over the years.

Preservation Efforts:

• Cultural Heritage: Efforts have been made by both local and international organizations to preserve and restore the Taleju Temple, ensuring that its historical and religious significance is maintained for future generations.

The Taleju Temple is not only a place of worship but also a symbol of Nepal's rich cultural heritage and architectural excellence. It remains an essential part of the historical fabric of Kathmandu and a testament to the religious devotion and artistic achievements of the Malla period.

Unlimited Access, Boundless Potential

KlumFit redefines the fitness experience by introducing Nepal's first comprehensive gym network. Imagine having the freedom to access multiple gyms across different cities and regions with just one subscription. Whether you're in Kathmandu, Pokhara, or any other part of the country, KlumFit ensures that your fitness journey remains uninterrupted and versatile. No longer bound by the limitations of a single gym, subscribers can explore and utilize facilities that suit their needs and preferences wherever they go.

Flexibility at Your Fingertips

One of the core pillars of KlumFit is flexibility. Traditionally, gym memberships tie individuals to a single location for the duration of their subscription. KlumFit removes these barriers, offering subscribers the flexibility to choose from various gym groups categorized by pricing and location. This flexibility not only enhances convenience but also empowers users to tailor their fitness routines according to their lifestyle, travel commitments, and changing preferences.

Innovative Features for Enhanced Convenience

Understanding the diverse needs of fitness enthusiasts, KlumFit introduces innovative features like the Subscription Pause. This unique offering allows subscribers to temporarily pause their memberships during emergencies or unforeseen circumstances without losing their investment. This feature not only saves money but also ensures that customer's fitness goals remain achievable, irrespective of life's unexpected turns.

Customer Centric Approach

At KlumFit, customer satisfaction is paramount. We continuously expand our network by partnering with new gyms across Nepal, enriching our subscribers' options and ensuring access to state-of-the-art facilities wherever they are. Our commitment to enhancing the customer experience extends beyond access; it encompasses affordability, convenience, and a seamless fitness journey tailored to individual lifestyles.

Join the KlumFit Community

Joining KlumFit means joining a community dedicated to flexibility, accessibility, and innovation in fitness. Whether you're a frequent traveler, a local enthusiast looking to explore new venues, or someone balancing a hectic schedule, KlumFit adapts to your lifestyle, providing unparalleled access to a network of gyms that align with your fitness journey.

Why Choose KlumFit?

• Accessibility: Access multiple gyms across Nepal with a single subscription, ensuring flexibility and convenience wherever you go.

• Flexibility: Choose from different gym groups based on location and pricing, adapting your fitness routine to your lifestyle.

• Innovation: Enjoy the Subscription Pause feature, allowing you to halt your membership during emergencies, protecting your investment and maintaining your fitness goals.

• Community: Join a supportive community of fitness enthusiasts and professionals dedicated to enhancing your fitness experience.

• Affordability: Enjoy competitive pricing plans similar to traditional gym rates across different locations in Nepal.

Conclusion

KlumFit transforms Nepal's fitness landscape by offering unmatched accessibility, flexibility, and customer-focused features that empower individuals on their fitness journeys. Embrace the freedom to explore new gyms, adapt your workout routine to your lifestyle, and pause your membership during emergencies, all with Nepal's leading gym network, KlumFit.

Experience Superior Quality Rudraksha from Nepal

Rudraksha Market boasts a collection of the finest Rudraksha beads sourced directly from Nepal, renowned for their superior quality and authenticity. My personal journey with Rudraksha Market has been nothing short of delightful. Their user-friendly interface makes navigating through their extensive selection a breeze.

Impeccable Packaging and Attention to Detail

When my order from Rudraksha Market arrived, I was truly impressed by the meticulous packaging and attention to detail. Each Rudraksha bead exuded authenticity, reflecting the profound spiritual significance they hold. Knowing that I was supporting a source committed to authenticity and quality added an extra layer of satisfaction to my purchase.

Why Rudraksha Market Stands Out

Rudraksha Market isn't just another online marketplace - it's a platform driven by a passion for authenticity and excellence. Operated by farmers themselves in collaboration with a dedicated quality control team, Rudraksha Market ensures that every Rudraksha bead you purchase is of the highest quality and authenticity.

Conclusion:

If you're on the lookout for genuine Rudraksha beads that embody spiritual purity and authenticity, look no further than Rudraksha Market. With their commitment to quality, impeccable sourcing practices, and seamless shopping experience, Rudraksha Market stands as your trusted destination for authentic Nepali Rudraksha beads. Give their website a visit and embark on a journey of spiritual discovery and fulfillment today!

Origins and Evolution:

Rudraksha beads trace their origins to ancient Hindu scriptures, where they are revered as sacred gifts bestowed by the divine. According to mythology, Rudraksha beads are believed to have emerged from the tears shed by Lord Shiva, the Supreme Being in Hinduism. These tears, symbolizing compassion and purity, fell upon the Earth, giving birth to the Rudraksha tree and its mystical seeds.

The name "Rudraksha" is derived from Sanskrit, with "Rudra" referring to Lord Shiva and "Aksha" meaning tears. Thus, Rudraksha beads are often referred to as "Shiva's tears" or "tears of compassion." This divine origin imbues Rudraksha beads with profound spiritual significance and transformative powers, making them revered artifacts in Hindu culture.

Over millennia, Rudraksha beads have evolved from sacred symbols into revered spiritual tools, influencing religious practices and cultural traditions across Asia and beyond. In ancient times, Rudraksha beads were primarily associated with asceticism, meditation, and spiritual enlightenment. Yogis, sages, and seekers adorned themselves with Rudraksha beads to deepen their spiritual practices and invoke divine blessings.

The usage of Rudraksha beads expanded beyond ascetic circles to encompass a broader spectrum of society, including kings, warriors, and commoners. Rudraksha beads became symbols of divine protection, strength, and auspiciousness, believed to ward off negative energies and bestow blessings upon the wearer.

Throughout history, Rudraksha beads have been mentioned in various Hindu scriptures, including the Puranas, the Upanishads, and the Shiva Purana. These sacred texts extol the virtues of Rudraksha beads, praising their ability to purify the mind, balance the chakras, and facilitate spiritual growth.

As the centuries passed, Rudraksha beads continued to transcend cultural boundaries, influencing spiritual practices in Buddhist, Jain, and Sikh traditions as well. Today, Rudraksha beads are cherished by spiritual seekers worldwide, regardless of religious affiliation, for their ability to deepen meditation, enhance concentration, and foster inner peace.

The evolution of Rudraksha beads mirrors the enduring quest for spiritual enlightenment and inner transformation. From their divine origins as tears of compassion to their modern-day symbolism as potent spiritual tools, Rudraksha beads remain timeless artifacts that bridge the gap between the material and spiritual worlds.

Varieties of Rudraksha:

Rudraksha beads come in various mukhi (facets), ranging from one to twenty-one or more, each imbued with distinct energies and spiritual significance. Here are some of the common varieties:

• One Mukhi (Single Facet):

  This rare bead is believed to represent Lord Shiva himself, offering spiritual enlightenment and liberation.

• Two Mukhi (Two Facets):

  Symbolizing the divine union of Shiva and Parvati, these beads promote harmony and balance in relationships.

• Three Mukhi (Three Facets):

  Associated with Agni, the fire god, these beads enhance vitality, courage, and self-confidence.

• Four Mukhi (Four Facets):

  Linked to Lord Brahma, the creator, these beads aid in intellectual pursuits and creative endeavors.

• Five Mukhi (Five Facets):

  Representing the five elements and the deity Shiva, these beads symbolize balance and harmony.

• Six Mukhi (Six Facets):

  Associated with Kartikeya, the god of war, these beads foster courage, willpower, and victory.

• Seven Mukhi (Seven Facets):

  Linked to the seven chakras, these beads purify the mind and balance energy flow.

• Eight Mukhi (Eight Facets):

  Associated with Lord Ganesha, the remover of obstacles, these beads bring success and prosperity.

• Nine Mukhi (Nine Facets):

  Linked to Goddess Durga, these beads offer protection, fearlessness, and spiritual growth.

• Ten Mukhi (Ten Facets):

  Associated with Lord Vishnu, the preserver, these beads bestow divine blessings and fulfillment of desires.

• Eleven Mukhi (Eleven Facets):

  Associated with Lord Hanuman, these beads signify strength, courage, and devotion.

• Twelve Mukhi (Twelve Facets):

  Linked to Lord Surya, the sun god, these beads enhance leadership qualities and vitality.

• Thirteen Mukhi (Thirteen Facets):

  Associated with Kamadeva, the god of love, these beads promote attraction and charisma.

• Fourteen Mukhi (Fourteen Facets):

  Linked to Lord Shiva and Devi Shakti, these beads bestow divine grace and blessings.

• Fifteen Mukhi (Fifteen Facets):

  Associated with Lord Pashupatinath, the lord of animals, these beads offer protection and compassion.

• Sixteen Mukhi (Sixteen Facets):

  Linked to Lord Rama, these beads foster courage, righteousness, and divine wisdom.

• Seventeen Mukhi (Seventeen Facets):

  Associated with Vishvakarma, the divine architect, these beads bring prosperity and success in endeavors.

• Eighteen Mukhi (Eighteen Facets):

  Linked to Bhumi Devi, the earth goddess, these beads offer grounding and stability.

• Nineteen Mukhi (Nineteen Facets):

  Associated with Lord Narayana, these beads bring abundance and fulfillment.

• Twenty Mukhi (Twenty Facets):

  Linked to Lord Brahma, these beads enhance spiritual knowledge and enlightenment.

• Twenty-One Mukhi (Twenty-One Facets):

  Rare and highly revered, these beads symbolize divine power and blessings.

Each variety of Rudraksha bead carries its own blessings and benefits, catering to the spiritual needs and aspirations of seekers.

Spiritual Significance and Symbolism:

Rudraksha beads hold profound spiritual significance in Hinduism, representing divine protection, enlightenment, and inner transformation. Each Rudraksha bead is believed to carry unique energies associated with different facets (mukhis), ranging from one to twenty-one or more. Wearing Rudraksha beads close to the skin is thought to harmonize the body's energy centers (chakras), facilitating deeper meditation and spiritual growth. The beads are also associated with specific deities and planetary influences, offering blessings aligned with the wearer's spiritual path. As symbols of divine connection, Rudraksha beads serve as reminders of the eternal wisdom and universal consciousness that permeates all existence.

In Hindu mythology, Rudraksha beads are revered as tears shed by Lord Shiva, symbolizing compassion, purity, and spiritual awakening. The significance of Rudraksha beads extends beyond religious boundaries, resonating with seekers of diverse spiritual traditions. Adorned by saints, yogis, and spiritual aspirants for millennia, Rudraksha beads are cherished for their ability to invoke divine blessings, protect against negative energies, and enhance spiritual practices. As sacred talismans, Rudraksha beads carry the essence of ancient wisdom, guiding individuals on their journey towards self-realization and inner peace.

Ancient Usage and Traditions:

Rudraksha beads have been integral to spiritual practices across civilizations for centuries. From the Vedic period to modern times, they have been revered for their ability to enhance meditation, align chakras, and foster spiritual growth. Yogis and sages have incorporated Rudraksha beads into their daily rituals, believing them to possess divine energies that facilitate deeper states of consciousness and inner transformation. Kings and warriors have worn Rudraksha beads as talismans of protection, seeking blessings for success and victory in battles. Across cultures and traditions, Rudraksha beads continue to symbolize purity, spirituality, and divine connection.

Traditions surrounding Rudraksha beads vary, but their essence remains consistent – they are regarded as sacred objects with the power to transcend worldly concerns and elevate spiritual consciousness. In temples and ashrams, Rudraksha beads are used in pujas (ritual worship) and ceremonies to invoke blessings from deities and channel divine energies. Meditators and seekers adorn themselves with Rudraksha malas (prayer beads) to facilitate mantra recitation and concentration during meditation. The tradition of wearing Rudraksha beads close to the skin persists as a practice believed to enhance physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. As custodians of ancient wisdom, Rudraksha beads continue to inspire reverence and devotion among spiritual aspirants seeking enlightenment and transcendence.

Identifying Authentic Rudraksha:

With the rising demand for Rudraksha beads, distinguishing authentic ones from counterfeit products becomes paramount. Genuine Rudraksha beads exhibit certain distinguishing features:

1. Natural Markings:

   Authentic Rudraksha beads have natural, well-defined ridges and depressions, known as mukhis, which are formed by the seed's internal divisions. These markings should be clear and distinct, reflecting the bead's organic origin.

2. Symmetry:

   Authentic Rudraksha beads are symmetrical in shape, with uniform mukhis evenly distributed around the circumference. Any irregularities or asymmetry may indicate artificial manipulation or inferior quality.

3. Positive Vibrations:

   Genuine Rudraksha beads emit subtle vibrations and energy, which can be sensed by holding them close to the body or between the palms. Authentic Rudraksha beads feel cool to the touch and may emit a faint fragrance, reflecting their natural essence.

4. Float Test:

   When placed in a bowl of water, authentic Rudraksha beads tend to float due to their low density. This characteristic distinguishes them from synthetic or fake beads, which often sink in water.

By paying attention to these key characteristics, seekers can ensure they are acquiring authentic Rudraksha beads that carry the spiritual potency and blessings associated with these sacred artifacts. Additionally, sourcing Rudraksha beads from trusted vendors like Rudraksha Market provides further assurance of authenticity and quality.

Why Nepali Rudraksha Stands Out:

Nepali Rudraksha holds a special place in the hearts of spiritual seekers worldwide due to its unparalleled purity and potency, which are attributed to the pristine environment of the Himalayan region. The Himalayas, with their serene atmosphere and high altitude, provide optimal conditions for Rudraksha trees to thrive and produce beads of exceptional quality. The soil composition, climatic factors, and natural surroundings contribute to the unique energies and spiritual vibrations infused within Nepali Rudraksha beads.

Moreover, Nepali Rudraksha is renowned for its authenticity and effectiveness, making it highly sought after by discerning seekers. The beads sourced from Nepal undergo rigorous quality testing to ensure their genuineness and potency. Rudraksha Market, as a leading Nepali brand, plays a pivotal role in maintaining the integrity of Nepali Rudraksha by directly sourcing beads from farmers, conducting thorough quality assessments, and providing a transparent platform for procurement and distribution. Through its commitment to authenticity and tradition, Rudraksha Market continues to uphold Nepal's rich spiritual heritage and serves as a beacon of trust for seekers worldwide.

The Essence of Rudraksha Market:

Rudraksha Market stands as a beacon of authenticity and trust in the realm of Rudraksha beads. By directly partnering with farmers and employing stringent quality assessments, Rudraksha Market ensures the procurement of genuine Nepali Rudraksha beads. Through its commitment to integrity and transparency, Rudraksha Market bridges the gap between seekers and authentic Rudraksha, preserving Nepal's spiritual heritage while offering a reliable avenue for seekers to access genuine beads.

With a blend of tradition and innovation, Rudraksha Market revolutionizes the Rudraksha trade, providing a seamless platform for farmers to showcase their products and for seekers to procure authentic beads. By fostering direct connections between producers and consumers, Rudraksha Market not only upholds the purity and potency of Nepali Rudraksha but also celebrates the rich spiritual legacy of Nepal. As a trusted guardian of authenticity, Rudraksha Market ensures that seekers worldwide can embark on their spiritual journey with confidence and reverence.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, Rudraksha beads continue to captivate hearts and minds with their ancient mystique and spiritual potency. From their divine origins to their diverse varieties and profound symbolism, Rudraksha beads embody the timeless wisdom and sacred heritage of the Himalayas. As seekers embark on their spiritual journey, Rudraksha Market stands ready to guide them with integrity, authenticity, and a deep-rooted commitment to preserving Nepal's spiritual legacy.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

1. What makes Nepali Rudraksha special compared to Rudraksha from other regions?

   Rudraksha of Nepal is renowned for its unparalleled purity and potency, attributed to the pristine environment of the Himalayan region. The unique energies and spiritual vibrations infused within Nepali Rudraksha beads are a result of the optimal conditions provided by the Himalayas.

2. How can I ensure the authenticity of Nepali Rudraksha?

   Authentic Nepali Rudraksha beads exhibit natural markings, symmetrical shapes, and emit positive vibrations. When sourcing Rudraksha beads, look for these key characteristics to ensure authenticity. Additionally, purchasing from trusted vendors like Rudraksha Market provides further assurance of authenticity.

3. What are the spiritual benefits of wearing Nepali Rudraksha?

   Wearing Nepali Rudraksha close to the skin is believed to harmonize the body's energy centers (chakras), facilitating deeper meditation and spiritual growth. Each variety of Nepali Rudraksha carries unique blessings and benefits, catering to the spiritual needs and aspirations of seekers, as outlined in the article.

4. Can Nepali Rudraksha beads be worn by people of all religious backgrounds?

   Yes, Nepali Rudraksha beads are cherished by spiritual seekers worldwide, regardless of religious affiliation. They resonate with seekers of diverse spiritual traditions and are revered for their ability to invoke divine blessings, protect against negative energies, and enhance spiritual practices.

5. How does Rudraksha Market ensure the quality of Nepali Rudraksha beads?

   Rudraksha Market maintains the integrity of Nepali Rudraksha by directly sourcing beads from farmers, conducting thorough quality assessments, and providing a transparent platform for procurement and distribution.

6. Are there any specific rituals or practices associated with Nepali Rudraksha?

   Traditionally, Rudraksha beads are used in pujas (ritual worship) and ceremonies in temples and ashrams to invoke blessings from deities and channel divine energies. Seekers also adorn themselves with Rudraksha malas (prayer beads) to facilitate mantra recitation and concentration during meditation.

7. What is the significance of Rudraksha beads in Nepali culture?

   In Nepali culture, Rudraksha beads hold profound spiritual significance, representing divine protection, enlightenment, and inner transformation. They are revered for their ability to deepen meditation, align chakras, and foster spiritual growth, reflecting the rich spiritual heritage of Nepal.

8. How can I differentiate between authentic Nepali Rudraksha and counterfeit products?

   Genuine Nepali Rudraksha beads exhibit natural markings, symmetrical shapes, emit positive vibrations, and tend to float in water due to their low density. Paying attention to these key characteristics can help distinguish authentic beads from counterfeit ones.

9. Can wearing Nepali Rudraksha beads bring tangible benefits in daily life?

   Many individuals believe that wearing Nepali Rudraksha beads can bring tangible benefits such as enhanced focus, clarity of mind, and a sense of inner peace. While the effects may vary from person to person, the spiritual significance and transformative properties of Rudraksha beads are widely acknowledged.

10. How does the spiritual symbolism of Nepali Rudraksha resonate with seekers on their spiritual journey?

    Nepali Rudraksha beads symbolize divine connection, protection, and inner transformation. As seekers embark on their spiritual journey, wearing Rudraksha beads serves as a reminder of the eternal wisdom and universal consciousness that permeates all existence, guiding individuals towards self-realization and inner peace.

The district is characterized by its diverse topography, featuring hills, valleys, and rivers. The Mai Pokhari lake, surrounded by evergreen forests, adds to the scenic beauty of Illam. This destination attracts nature lovers and trekkers who explore its picturesque trails.

Illam is not only a treat for the eyes but also a melting pot of cultures. The diverse ethnic groups residing here contribute to a vibrant tapestry of traditions and festivals. Visitors can immerse themselves in the local customs, sample traditional cuisine, and experience the warmth of Nepalese hospitality.

Exploring Illam provides a unique opportunity to witness the tea-making process, from plucking the leaves to the final production. The tea gardens are an integral part of the local economy, and a visit to Illam offers insights into the significance of this industry in the region.

In addition to its natural and cultural attractions, Illam provides a serene environment for those seeking tranquility and a break from the hustle and bustle of city life. The crisp mountain air, coupled with the sound of rustling leaves, creates a perfect setting for relaxation and rejuvenation.

Whether it's sipping freshly brewed tea, trekking through the verdant landscapes, or engaging with the local communities, Illam offers a distinctive and memorable experience for those seeking a blend of nature, culture, and adventure in the heart of Nepal.

The Swayambhunath Stupa, commonly known as the Monkey Temple, is one of Kathmandu's most iconic landmarks and an unforgettable sight at night. This ancient temple is perched on a hill and is easily visible from all parts of the city. As the night falls, the temple is illuminated with thousands of tiny lights, giving it an ethereal glow. The temple's golden spire and white dome stand out beautifully against the black sky. The surrounding trees and gardens add to the tranquility and peacefulness of the temple, making it a popular destination spot for both locals and tourists.

Another must-visit spot for a night view of Kathmandu is the Boudhanath Stupa. This stupa is one of the largest stupas in the world and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The stupa's white dome is illuminated with dazzling lights, and the prayer flags fluttering in the wind create an atmosphere of peace and serenity. The nearby cafes and restaurants offer a perfect spot to enjoy a cup of tea or a meal while admiring the amazing view.

Thamel is the place to go if you're searching for a more energetic and exciting atmosphere. Thamel is a well liked tourist area that is well-known for its street markets, gift stores, and restaurants. For those seeking to enjoy the local culture and nightlife, the streets come alive at night with music, dancing, and lighting. The narrow alleyways and bustling streets add to the energy of the place, making it a must-visit spot for anyone visiting Kathmandu.

Kathmandu's night time scenery includes more than simply shops and temples. The Durbar Square is a wonderful illustration of how the city's magnificent architecture may be seen at night. The square is home to a number of palaces, temples, and courtyards and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The building's unique carvings and decorations take on a fantastic and surreal appearance thanks to the lighting that highlights them. A great respite from the activity of the city is provided by the quiet and peace of the square at night.

In conclusion, anyone visiting Kathmandu must experience the city at night. The stunning temples, vibrant markets, and beautiful architecture make for a breathtaking and unforgettable experience. Whether you are looking for a peaceful and serene atmosphere or a lively and energetic one, Kathmandu has something for everyone. So, the next time you are in Nepal, be sure to visit Kathmandu at night to experience its true beauty.

The Newar maintain a highly literate community and its members are influential in all fields, from agriculture, industry, education and government to medicine, law, religion, architecture, fine arts and literature. It is generally accepted that Newar architects may have been responsible for designing Asian multi-tiered pagoda architecture. Newar devotional painting, sculpture and metalwork Paubha and thangka are known worldwide for their exquisite beauty. The beautiful temples and palaces of Kathmandu, Patan (Yala) and Bhaktapur are mainly the work of Newar architects, craftsmen and sculptors. Now enterprising Newars are scattered across Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim state and Darjeeling district in India. The Newar, a people who make up about half the population of Kathmandu Valley in Nepal, speak a language belonging to the Tibeto-Burman family, but their culture has been heavily influenced by Indian religious and social institutions. The Newar population in Nepal was estimated at just over a million in the early 2000s. Most Newars are Hindu, but some practice the Indian form of Buddhism. There are about 70 castes, both Buddhist and Hindu, covering about the same spectrum as India's caste system. The Newar have a wide variety of occupations, many are farmers, others are prominent in retail trade, and some hold high political and administrative positions. They were traditionally known as architects and craftsmen, builders of the famous temples and shrines of Kathmandu. From the 10th to the 16th century, painting and sculpture flourished in Newar, along with crafts such as pottery, papermaking, carving, and metallurgy. Each of the crafts is traditionally a specialty of a certain caste.

People

The Newar is one of the 59 indigenous peoples recognized by the government of Nepal. Newars are found in every part of the country and beyond, but they are the original inhabitants of the Kathmandu Valley, the capital of modern Nepal. Earlier, the Kathmandu Valley was known as "Nepal" and for many people, the words "Nepal" still mean it. As early as the 7th century BC, the Nepalese valley was inhabited by Tibeto-Burman speaking Mongoloids, who later founded the Kirat dynasty. In the second century AD, Kirat rule was replaced by the Lichhavas of northern Bihar, who spoke Prakit but used Sanskrit for sacramental purposes. The Newar are also said to be descended from the Kirat people who bordered the land in the past.

The Newar speak their mother tongue, which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family, with a rich ancient and modern literature dating back to the 14th century. During the Malla period, from the 13th century until his fall in 1769 AD, the kings of the day themselves played a significant role in the promotion of Newar literature. The Newars include people of both Mongoloid and Caucasian extraction. They practice both Hinduism and Buddhism. They have their own distinct culture with a long history that is heavily influenced by both Buddhism and Hinduism with remnants of the ancient Kirat culture. They have different way of life, customs and traditions of Newar. They are very famous for their skills in carving, painting, stone carving. The Newars are one of the few indigenous nationalities that have been urban oriented and have achieved great success in politics, bureaucracy, art and architecture.

Food

Food is a very important part of Newars ritual and religious life. Dishes served to guests at celebrations and banquets have their symbolic meaning. Different sets of ritual dishes are placed in a circle around the basic rice flakes to represent and honor different sets of deities (gods) depending on the festival or ceremony.

The meal consists of rice (JA), dal (KE) and vegetables (tarkari). They eat the same food in the morning and in the evening. If one can afford it, meat(la) item is seen on the side of a regular Newar meal.

Newars prefer to eat snacks in the afternoon. It usually consists of flat rice (baji), eaten with such items as roasted and curried soybeans (musya), fermented mustard leaves (gundro) or curry potatoes (alu tarakari). They also have some meat (la) and homemade liquor (thon) with them. Baji (rice flakes) is called chiura in Nepali. Another major category of food is served at feasts. In this dish, the main dish is beaten rice (baji). At banquets, various preparations based on buffalo meat are served together with vegetable and legume curries. Homemade liquor (thon) is served with the meal. Generally, the feast meal ends with the serving of curd, sugar and fruit (sisapusa). Betel nut pieces, fennel seeds and cloves are usually served as dessert at the end of the meal. Kwati (various bean soup), Kachila (spiced minced meat), Choila, which is water buffalo meat marinated in spices and grilled over the flames of dried wheat stalks, wo (lentil cake), paun kwa (sour soup), stuffed lungs, fried liver, fried tongue, tripe stuffed with bone marrow and jelly fish soup are some of the popular festival dishes. Dessert consists of dhau (yogurt), sisabusa (fruit) and mari (sweet meat). Thwon and aila are common alcoholic liquors that Newars make at home.

At meals, festivals and gatherings, Newars sit on long mats in rows. Typically, the seating arrangement is hierarchical, with the oldest sitting at the top and the youngest at the end. Newari cuisine uses mustard oil and a variety of spices such as cumin, sesame seeds, turmeric, garlic, ginger, mint, bay leaves, cloves, cinnamon, pepper, chilies and mustard seeds.

Local community

The creators of all these impressive cultural heritages, the Newars are the locals living in and around the Kathmandu Valley. According to the 2011 census, the Newari population constitutes approximately 6 percent of the total population and is also the sixth most populous ethnic group in Nepal. They are mainly found in the Bagmati region of Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Lalitpur, but are spread in mere numbers around the world.

The Newars are a traditional caste of merchants and traders who are prominent in the ancient urban areas of Nepal, including Kathmandu. Before the "unification of Nepal", Newari kingdoms existed along the main trade routes in the Nepalese hills, and the Newari kings were renowned for their temples and crafts. Many of Kathmandu's old palaces and temples are the work of the Newars, and their rich woodcarving and stonework practices continue to this day. Newars make up less than 6 percent of the population and speak Newari, a peculiar and difficult to learn Tibetan Barman language.

Jatra, the term refers to the Newari community of Nepal celebrating festivals. The historical inhabitants of the Kathmandu Valley are the Newar or Newah, the founders of the ancient heritage and culture. They are known for their rich history, significant cultural diversity and urban life. This culture includes many festivals known as Jatras. There are many ceremonies and gatherings in Newari culture including birthday parties, rice feeding.

Transaction Cost

The trading cost or transaction cost of the stock market is comparatively much lower than the real estate. The charge of a stock market broker is much lower than that of a real estate broker. In real estate, the broker charges around 2-3% of total investment and also 4.5% for ownership transfer, whereas in the stock market, the broker charges around 0.25%-0.4% along with Rs 25 for demat charge, which is comparatively much lower than the real estate market.

­­­­­­­­­­­­Amount of Investment

The initial amount to invest in the share market is just Rs. 1000 in IPO/FPO. But the starting price of real estate starts at Rs 500000, which is much higher compared to the stock market. Investing in the stock market can be applicable to any type of person due to its initial starting cost.

Ease in trading

Investing in the stock market is relatively easy compared to the real estate market because in the stock market, people can easily sell or buy stocks just by using their own mobile device or by giving a call to the broker. Unlike in real estate, it takes around 50 to 60 working days to buy or sell.

Liquidity

The stock market is more liquid than the real estate market. People can easily buy the stocks, transfer the ownership, and be ready to invest again in 5 days. Stocks can be easily converted into cash. So, in the case of an emergency, investing in the stock market can be a good option.

Diversification

In the stock market, investors can bear a minimum risk during the downfall of the economy because the stock market has the choice to invest in different companies through which investors can bear a minimum loss while the economy of a certain sector is down. But in real state, investors have to invest a high amount in one place, which can result in a great loss during the downfall of the market.

Annual Income

When it comes to long-term investing, annual income is critical. In the stock market, dividends are distributed by companies annually to their share holders. The dividend can be a case dividend, a share dividend, or both. In the case of real estate, mainly land, there is no way to get an annual income unless the land is given in rent.

Transparency

The stock market is much more transparent compared to real estate because all the stocks are listed on the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE). Brokers are strongly regulated by the Security Board of Nepal (SEBON). The price of each share is changed according to the demand and supply in the market. In the case of real estate, there are no strong rules set by the government. People are themselves creating the hike in the market. The prices of real estate are set by brokers without following the rules.

In Nepal, the distribution of tourism was biased towards Indians (India), who account for almost 33% of arrivals, followed by Western Europe, North America and Japan (Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation, 2001). As visitors to these markets have increased their disposable income and increased demand for leisure and outdoor activities, the Southeast Asian market has multiplied in percentage terms. Buddhism has been attracting tourists from Southeast Asia to Nepal ever since Lord Buddha was born in the city of Lumbini. Outdoor activities such as popular mountain climbing and Himalayan trekking remain the main reason for visiting, as reported by 43% of all visitors. Almost all trekking is practiced in three common protected areas: Royal Chitwan National Park (one-horned rhinoceros habitat and the first national park). Sagarmatha National Park (home of Mt. Everest and indigenous Sherpas) and Langtang Nature Park.

The figure below shows the number of tourists arriving in Nepal from 2016 to 2018.

The coronavirus pandemic has dramatically affected the tourism industry in Nepal, especially as the government plans to improve tourism industry with the "Visit Nepal 2020" campaign. The Himalayan nation sailed through a dismal year with a significant drop in income and living conditions. In 2020, the number of foreign tourists dropped by more than 80 percent, the lowest in 34 years, according to the Nepal Tourism Board (NTB). The figure below shows the tourist arrivals in Nepal in 2020 and 2021.

i) Traditional marketing

- Establishment of Gorkhapatra daily in 1958 by B.S. marked the beginning of advertising in Nepal. At that time, government notices were primarily distributed in newspapers as advertisements. After the fall of the Rana regime in 2007, consumer-targeted advertising began to gain popularity with the proliferation of many independent newspapers and magazines. After the constitutional transformation in 1990, the government adopted a free market economy and Nepal's advertising industry became institutionalized. Print newspapers, followed by FM radio stations, TV networks, websites and social media, have seen dramatic changes in the advertising sector during the 1990s and 2000s.

In the past, print advertising in Nepal was considered a safe and effective medium for tourism promotion. Newspapers, travel magazines, travel guides, posters and other social media were used to distribute information about destinations, tourist items and attractive travel packages. Many travel companies produced brochures and travel magazines that included information about their goods and services, including destination and price. Colourful travel magazines, brochures and books were produced and photographs were used to increase appeal. In addition, in the past, newspaper advertisements were considered the primary medium for company promotion. Newspaper advertising was prohibitively expensive and only large businesses could afford it. Since many people read and believed in the newspaper, it was an effective medium for capturing the interest of buyers and influencing purchasing decisions. As a result, placing an ad in a newspaper was considered the easiest way to attract a large audience while maintaining the company's reputation. In comparison, show media was a standard conventional marketing tool. Tourists are attracted to display media such as wall boards, flags and flyers around major thoroughfares and on the sides of highways. The show's media strategies are also used and continue to be successful in the tourism industry. Large hoarding signs, flags, and flyers advertising the company's goods and general knowledge can be seen on highways and in major cities. Similarly, a public service announcement was made by painting text on the wall and large stones and placing signs and stickers on public transport such as buses and vans.

ii) Digital Marketing

- The most important thing in tourism is marketing. According to Burkart and Medlock, tourism marketing is described as "a systematic and coordinated effort exerted by National Tourism Organizations (NTOs) and tourist enterprises at the regional, national, and local level to maximize the satisfaction of visitors, groups, and individuals, in light of sustained tourism development." As a result, tourism promotion is a collective endeavor between the different components involved. Without collective impact, no tourism planning or programs can be competitive. The Internet is a modern and incredibly effective platform that can remain competitive and profitable in marketing tourism. The potential of the Internet has been described by others as a "Marketing Bonanza". The Internet is a form of networking that allows data to be transferred from one device to another. It was developed as a military communications system.

In the world of digital marketing, Nepal is currently rising at a fast pace. People are increasingly aware of the benefits of digital marketing for business growth. After a period of neglect of 2-3 years, digital marketing has made a significant impact on Nepali business sector. Even a small business can create its digital environment and engage consumers. Digital marketing is not the most exciting option, but it must be followed. This will help you increase the traffic and fame of your business. Digital media has revolutionized the way companies advertise themselves. It created a new way to reach individual clients. What more could you ask for when a business grows exponentially without going over budget or investing in human resources? Isn't that fantastic? Marketing has always been an integral part of this industry, whether in the past, present or future. Beyond dreams, the success of a company is impossible without advertising. However, just because you're making a lot of money doesn't mean you have to trade the same way you did before. People's tastes change over time and Nepal is a heartening reminder of that.