The origins of Kamal Pokhari date back to ancient times, but the exact details are uncertain. It is believed to have been built during the Licchavi era, which was a long time ago. Throughout the years, the pond has served various purposes and has been cherished by the people of Kathmandu.

Kamal Pokhari has played a role in the lives of different kings and rulers. During the reign of the Malla kings, it held special significance and was a place of importance for the royal families. Its tranquil waters and surroundings made it an ideal spot for relaxation and reflection.

Over time, Kamal Pokhari has undergone changes and faced challenges. It has witnessed periods of neglect and deterioration. However, recognizing its historical and cultural value, efforts have been made to restore and preserve this iconic pond.

The restoration of Kamal Pokhari is an ongoing project led by the authorities in Kathmandu. The aim is to bring back its former glory and ensure its longevity for future generations to enjoy. However, the restoration efforts have faced some criticism.

Some individuals and heritage conservationists have expressed concerns about the use of concrete in the restoration process. They argue that the excessive use of concrete might compromise the authenticity and originality of the traditional pond. They emphasize the importance of maintaining the unique charm and cultural significance of Kamal Pokhari.

Balancing modern restoration techniques with the preservation of historical heritage is a challenge. It requires careful planning, collaboration with experts, and consideration of alternative methods that respect the traditional characteristics of the pond.

The restoration of Kamal Pokhari is not only about physical changes but also about preserving a piece of history. It is about honoring the memories and stories associated with this remarkable place. Kamal Pokhari is not just a pond; it represents the spirit and identity of Kathmandu and its people.

As discussions continue, it is essential for all parties involved to engage in open dialogue and find common ground. The goal should be to restore Kamal Pokhari while maintaining its historical and cultural integrity. This way, future generations can continue to appreciate and connect with this treasured landmark.

Kamal Pokhari is more than just a pond; it is a symbol of heritage and a testament to the rich history of Nepal. Let us work together to ensure its preservation and celebrate the beauty it brings to the city of Kathmandu.

This article will look at the factors behind Nepal's high inflation, including rising fuel prices, the Russia-Ukraine war, the depreciation of the Nepali rupee, liquidity crunch, and the fertilizer shortage.

Rising Fuel Prices

Since the emergence of COVID-19, fuel prices in Nepal and around the world have skyrocketed. Since the beginning of 2022, the costs of petrol, diesel, and LPG in Nepal have risen by 43%, 57%, and 14%, respectively. As a result, transportation costs have risen rapidly, subsequently increasing the cost of industrial production, food products, and other essential items to all-time highs. This has led to an increase in the cost of living for the Nepali people.

Russia-Ukraine War

The global consequences of the Russia-Ukraine conflict have had an impact on Nepal, adding new challenges to the country's already struggling economy. Energy, food, and commodity prices have increased as a direct result of the conflict disruption of exports of crude oil, natural gas, cereals, fertilizer, and metals. The Russian Federation and Ukraine are major exporters of agricultural products, contributing 25% of the global wheat exports, 16% of global corn exports, and 56% of global sunflower oil exports.

The depreciation of Nepali Rupee

The value of the US dollar in Nepal reached an all-time high, with the USD selling at NPR 130.68 as of May 06, 2023. The Indian rupee, to which the Nepali rupees are pegged to, has also decreased drastically since the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. As a result, Nepali importers, who are currently paying high rates for importing goods due to the rising value of the USD, may have to pay even higher prices if the dollar continues to rise. Given that Nepal imports the majority of its necessities, including food, medicine, and fuel – the strengthening of the USD would not only result in a wider Balance of Payment but would also further raise the cost of goods.

Liquidity Crunch

Since the economy in Nepal began to grow after the lockdowns caused by COVID-19 were eased, the liquidity crisis became worse. The commercial banks in Nepal have been facing issues in keeping the credit-deposit (CD) ratio below 90% due to the delayed deposit collections. Officials from the NRB claim that the CD ratio at a few banks is still close to 95%. In attempts to attract deposits, banks have been increasing their interest rates. Increased interest rates translate into higher borrowing costs. This raises the cost of manufacturing for domestic industries, which, in turn, drives up the market price of the goods they supply.

Fertilizer Shortage

Every year, around the time of the rice sowing period, Nepal experiences a scarcity of urea fertilizers. Over 90% of the farmers, according to the National Federation of Farmers, were unable to obtain any fertilizer. According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, around 600,000 tons of fertilizer are needed annually in Nepal. According to official data from the Government of Nepal, the cost of fertilizer has increased four to five times in the past year. The government allocated NPR 15 billion for the import of chemical fertilizer, but the amount would only be enough to purchase about 200,000 tons at the present pricing. The harvest for the season could decline further due to a severe fertilizer deficit during the busiest harvesting period, reducing revenues and heightening concerns about food scarcity and rising inflation.

To summarize, the current inflation in Nepal is driven by various factors, including the rising fuel prices, Russia-Ukraine war, depreciation of NPR, liquidity crunch, and fertilizer shortage. All of these factors have contributed to an increase in the cost of goods and services, making life more challenging for Nepalese citizens. To tackle inflation, the government of Nepal needs to implement effective policies that address the root causes of inflation while also protecting the interests of the country's most vulnerable populations. In the long term, investments in agriculture, infrastructure, and renewable energy can help to stabilize the economy and promote sustainable growth.

Buddhism is one of the major religions in Nepal, and it has played a significant role in shaping the country's culture and society. According to historical records, Buddhism was introduced to Nepal in the 3rd century BCE by Emperor Ashoka of India. Ashoka is believed to have sent Buddhist missionaries to Nepal to spread the teachings of Buddhism.

Over the centuries, Buddhism became deeply ingrained in Nepali society, and the country became a hub for Buddhist scholarship and learning. Many of the great Buddhist saints and scholars of the past, such as Padmasambhava and Shantarakshita, lived and taught in Nepal. The country was also a center of artistic and cultural expression, and many of the world's most beautiful Buddhist art and architecture can be found in Nepal.

One of the most significant landmarks in Nepal's Buddhist heritage is the Swayambhunath Stupa, also known as the Monkey Temple. Located in the heart of Kathmandu, the Swayambhunath Stupa is one of the oldest and most sacred Buddhist sites in Nepal. The stupa is believed to have been built over 2,000 years ago and is said to contain relics of the Buddha himself.

Another important Buddhist site in Nepal is the Boudhanath Stupa, located in the eastern part of Kathmandu. The stupa is one of the largest in the world and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is believed to have been built in the 14th century and is an important pilgrimage site for Buddhists from all over the world.

Nepal is also home to several important monasteries and meditation centers. One of the most famous is the Kopan Monastery, located on a hilltop outside of Kathmandu. The monastery was founded in 1969 and is now home to over 300 monks and nuns. It is a center of Buddhist learning and meditation and attracts visitors from all over the world.

In addition to its historical and cultural significance, Buddhism has played an important role in shaping Nepal's modern society. Buddhism emphasizes compassion, non-violence, and the pursuit of wisdom, and these values are deeply ingrained in Nepali culture. Many Nepalis are devout Buddhists and practice meditation and mindfulness as part of their daily lives.

Moreover, Buddhism has played a significant role in promoting social justice and equality in Nepal. Buddhist organizations in Nepal have been at the forefront of promoting women's rights, environmental conservation, and social welfare programs. They have also been active in promoting interfaith dialogue and peacebuilding initiatives.

Despite its rich Buddhist heritage, Nepal's Buddhist community faces several challenges. The country has experienced significant political instability over the past few decades, which has had a significant impact on the Buddhist community. The country's civil war in the 1990s and early 2000s led to the displacement of many Buddhist communities, and the ongoing political instability has made it difficult for many Buddhists to practice their religion freely.

Additionally, Nepal's Buddhist community faces economic challenges. Many monasteries and meditation centers struggle to attract funding, and some are forced to close due to lack of resources. Moreover, many Buddhist communities in Nepal live in poverty, and they lack access to basic necessities such as healthcare and education.

In conclusion, Nepal's rich Buddhist heritage is an integral part of the country's culture and society. Buddhism has played a significant role in shaping Nepal's  history, and it continues to be a source of inspiration and guidance for many Nepalis. The country is home to several important Buddhist sites, including the Swayambhunath and Boudhanath stupas, as well as many monasteries and meditation centers. These sites attract visitors from all over the world, and they provide a glimpse into the rich spiritual and cultural traditions of Nepal.

At the same time, Nepal's Buddhist community faces significant challenges, including political instability and economic hardship. The country's civil war and ongoing political struggles have had a significant impact on the Buddhist community, and many struggle to practice their religion freely. Additionally, many Buddhist communities in Nepal live in poverty, and they lack access to basic necessities such as healthcare and education.

Despite these challenges, Nepal's Buddhist community remains resilient and committed to promoting the values of compassion, non-violence, and wisdom. Buddhist organizations in Nepal are active in promoting social justice and equality, and they work tirelessly to improve the lives of people in their communities. They are a testament to the enduring legacy of Buddhism in Nepal and to the power of spiritual traditions to inspire positive change.

Overall, Nepal's rich Buddhist heritage is a testament to the country's enduring cultural and spiritual legacy. It is a source of inspiration and guidance for many Nepalis, and it has played a significant role in shaping the country's history and society. As Nepal continues to navigate its path forward, its Buddhist community will undoubtedly play a key role in promoting social justice, equality, and compassion for all.

1. The history of yoga and meditation in Nepal

   Yoga and meditation have been practiced in Nepal for thousands of years, and it is believed to have originated in the country's ancient civilization. The earliest written records of yoga and meditation in Nepal can be found in the Vedic texts, which date back to 1500 BCE. Yoga and meditation were originally used by sages and ascetics as a means of attaining spiritual enlightenment and union with the divine.

2. The practices of yoga and meditation in Nepal

   Yoga and meditation in Nepal are based on the principles of Hatha yoga, which focuses on the physical and mental aspects of the practice. The most common forms of yoga practiced in Nepal are asanas (yoga postures), pranayama (breathing exercises), and dhyana (meditation). The goal of yoga and meditation in Nepal is to achieve balance between the body, mind, and spirit and to attain inner peace and spiritual enlightenment.

3. The benefits of yoga and meditation in Nepal

   Yoga and meditation in Nepal offer a wide range of benefits for both physical and mental health. Physically, yoga and meditation can improve flexibility, strength, balance, and overall well-being. Mentally, yoga and meditation can reduce stress, anxiety, and depression and promote a sense of calm and inner peace. Yoga and meditation can also help to improve focus and concentration, which can be beneficial for both personal and professional growth.

4. The places to practice yoga and meditation in Nepal

   Nepal is home to many yoga and meditation centers and retreats that offer classes and workshops for people of all skill levels. Some of the most popular places for yoga and meditation in Nepal include the Kathmandu Yoga House, the Swayambhu Yoga Center and the Himalayan Yoga Academy. These centers offer classes, workshops, and retreats for people of all skill levels, and many also offer teacher training programs.

5. The significance of yoga and meditation in Nepal

   Yoga and meditation in Nepal are not only considered physical and mental practices but also spiritual ones. Many people in Nepal view yoga and meditation as ways to connect with their inner selves and with the divine. Yoga and meditation are also seen as ways to achieve balance and harmony in one's life and to lead a more fulfilling and meaningful existence. In Nepal, yoga and meditation are often integrated into daily life and are considered essential parts of one's personal and spiritual growth.

6. The traditional approach to Yoga and meditation in Nepal

   In Nepal, yoga and meditation are often taught in the traditional way, which is quite different from the Western approach. The traditional approach to yoga and meditation in Nepal emphasizes the spiritual and philosophical aspects of the practice rather than just the physical. The traditional approach also emphasizes the importance of self-discipline, humility, and devotion in the practice.

7. The role of Yoga and meditation in Nepalese culture

   Yoga and meditation play a significant role in Nepalese culture, and many people in Nepal view them as integral parts of their daily lives. The practice of yoga and meditation is often passed down from generation to generation and is considered a way to connect with one's cultural heritage and spiritual roots. Yoga and meditation are also seen as ways to maintain balance and harmony in one's life and to lead a more fulfilling and meaningful existence.

8. The future of Yoga and meditation in Nepal

   Yoga and meditation in Nepal have experienced a resurgence in popularity in recent years, with many people from around the world coming to Nepal to study and practice yoga and meditation. The future of yoga and meditation in Nepal looks bright, as more and more people are becoming interested in the practice, and many traditional yoga and meditation centers and retreats are opening up to accommodate this growing demand.

In conclusion, the art of yoga and meditation in Nepal is an ancient practice that is deeply rooted in the country's culture and history. The practice of yoga and meditation offers a wide range of benefits for both physical and mental health and is considered an essential part of one's personal and spiritual growth. Nepal is home to many yoga and meditation centers and retreats that offer classes and workshops for people of all skill levels, making it an ideal destination for anyone looking to deepen their practice of yoga and meditation. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced practitioner, Nepal offers a unique and traditional approach to yoga and meditation that can help you achieve balance, inner peace, and spiritual enlightenment.

NEPSE was established in 1993 and has been functioning as the only stock exchange of Nepal. It is located in Singha Durbar Plaza, Kathmandu, Nepal. As of September 2021, the NEPSE index, also known as the Nepal Stock Exchange index (abbreviated as the NEPSE index), stood at 1,241.86 with a market capitalization of NPR 1,202,985,357,647.

Investing in the stock market can be a risky but potentially rewarding venture. Before investing in the share market, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of the market and the companies in which you are planning to invest.

Advantages of investing in the share market in Nepal:

1. Potential for high returns

   Share prices can increase significantly over time, providing investors with the opportunity to earn high returns on their investments.

2. Diversification of portfolio

   Investing in shares allows investors to diversify their portfolio and spread risk across different sectors and industries.

3. Liquidity

   Shares can be easily bought and sold on the stock exchange, providing investors with liquidity and the ability to quickly access their funds if needed.

4. Professional management

   Many publicly traded companies have professional management teams in place, which can help to maximize shareholder value.

Disadvantages of investing in the share market in Nepal:

1. Volatility

   The share market is prone to fluctuations, and share prices can fluctuate significantly over short periods. This volatility can result in significant losses for investors.

2. Lack of control

   As a shareholder, you have limited control over the company's operations and decision-making.

3. Dividend payments

   Dividend payments, which are a portion of the company's profits paid to shareholders, are not guaranteed and may fluctuate.

4. Lack of transparency

   There may be a lack of transparency in some publicly traded companies, which can make it difficult for investors to make informed decisions.

5. Fees and charges

   Investing in the share market often involves paying fees and charges, such as brokerage fees, which can eat into returns.

In conclusion, investing in the share market in Nepal can be a potentially rewarding but also risky venture. It is essential to have a thorough understanding of the market and the companies in which you are planning to invest, as well as the potential advantages and disadvantages. It is also advisable to seek the advice of a financial advisor or other professional before making any investment decisions.

Mobility services: Mobile operations in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Spain.

Broadband services: operation in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and operation of an international carrier.

Eurasia: Mobile operations in Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Georgia, Moldova and Nepal. Also responsible for the development of the share in the company Russian "MEGAFON" and Turkish "TURKCELL".

The main priority of the company is currently to expand its business in Eurasia. A market with a total population of 380 million people with modest access to internet/telecom services has prompted "TELIASONERA" to jump into the Eurasia market. The company establishes its brand in local markets and climbs the ladder of success. Total subscriptions increased by 1.2 million during the third quarter (2011), with Nepal, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan sharing the largest rises with an increase of 0.6 million, 0.4 million and 0.1 million respectively.

Birth of NCELL in Nepali Market

NTC has had a monopoly on telecommunication and internet services for a long decade. It has been the only sector serving Nepalese customers for decades. This NTC monopoly ended when Spice Nepal Private Ltd. was established in 2004 as the first private mobile operator in Nepal. The company launched its services in September 2005 under the brand name "Mero Mobile". In 2008, TELIASONERA, a leading European telecommunications company, acquired a controlling stake in "Spicenepal" and after then the company was serving consumers under the leadership of CEO Pasi Koistinen.

With a controlling share of 80% ownership, "Spicenepal" started operations under the NCELL brand on March 12, 2010. The rebranding was part of the company's strategy to strengthen its position in Nepal's mobile telecommunication service markets. "Telecommunications services are a driving force for growth, competitiveness and the transition to a knowledge-based society. These services strongly encourage and promote economic, social and environmental benefits across industries and encourage domestic and foreign investment. The development of telecommunication infrastructure and services is essential for the future prosperity of Nepal. People who previously never had access to telecommunications services will inevitably benefit from increased opportunities to connect with others and access information. I am therefore excited about the launch of the new NCELL brand, which represents a new chapter in the company's history," says Mr. Pasi Koistinen during the lunche of Ncell.

In Nepal, NCELL stands for fair trade.NCELL's subscriptions exceeded NTC's customer list. Today, NCELL is the leading telecommunications company in Nepal. It often implements the latest technologies so that customers can enjoy safe, fast, and easy internet and mobile services.

Today, NCELL is the leading mobile service provider in Nepal, covering more than 60 percent of the country's population.